Introduction lightning is the most frequent cause of overvoltages on distribution systems. The lightning arrester is mainly classified into twelve types. Safety protect your process with the proper flame arresters. Unit 1 over voltage in electrical power system causes of over. Lightning events include sprites, elves and blue jets. The different types of overvoltages and the possibilities for limitation are only briefly discussed here.
Analysis and design selection of lightning arrester for. Then lightning arrester regains its insulation properly and prevents regains its insulation property and prevents further conduction of current, to the ground. Some of these systems, particularly pipe gaps, may still be in service today. Tungstenhalogen halogen lamps are a type of incandescent lamp that has become increasingly popular in recent years. The 3el series for standard applications, and the advanced 3eq series for the highest performance needs. Intracloud lightning the most common type of discharge lightning inside a single storm cloud, jumping between different charge regions in the cloud. The difference between the ground potential rise and the surface potential at the point where the person is standing while at the same time having a hand in contact with a grounded structure. The function of the surge arrester is to allow the discharge of any dangerous overvoltage before it can do damage and then to restore the line to. Simple surge protection 07 lightning protection, surge. The lightning arresters are used to protect power system from high voltage surges. The specific purpose of the ingesco lightning rod is to produce ionization directed at the cloud, so that any possible electrical discharge can.
This type of arrester is also called protector tube and is commonly used on system operating at voltages up to 33kv. Lightning can be either connect from one cloud to another, or shoot from a cloud down to the ground. Surge diverter lightning arrester working lightning. Nov 29, 2016 study of lightning arrester working principal and working of lighning and construction of lightning arrester. Lightning arresters catch surges in electrical wiring and divert them to grounding cables, which direct the current into the ground. This table documents how well the arrester clamps lightning and switching surges, which is the fundamental purpose of arresters. The gap between the electrodes intercepts the flow of current through the arrester except when the voltage across the gap raises beyond the critical gap flashover. In power systems, lightning arrestors are used to provide protection against surges and lightning strikes. It defines some key terminology, describes the different types of flame arresters, explains how flame arresters are tested and certified for specific process conditions, discusses the concept of layers of protection and how a flame arrester can serve as a layer, and offers guidance on choosing a flame arrester. The application and selection of lightning arresters. Lab test data of metaloxide arrester discharge voltage and currents available to the.
The current limiting would hopefully allow the arrester to clear this power follow current, instead of relying on a nearby breaker or fuse. When a line is fitted with arresters on each tower and each phase, the tower ground resistance becomes a nonfactor in the system lightning protection, even if the lines are equipped with an ohgw. According to 2, depending on the value of the ground resistance, the arresters should be installed in more than one phase, as it is shown in table i. Surge arrester is used to protect the circuit or electrical equipment from high voltage transient or electrical surges. Lightning arresters are devices used to stop lightning from damaging electrical power systems. Station type valve lightning arrester this type of valve is mainly employed for the protection of the critical power equipment in the circuit of 2. Pdf in order to effectively reduce lightning stroke outage rate, effect of lightning. Types of lightning lightning facts national weather service. Intracloud lightning is sometimes called sheet lightning because it lights up the sky with a sheet of light.
The value of x is 30 to 40 in case of metal oxide block. The function of the surge arrester is to allow the discharge of any dangerous overvoltage before. For consumer equipment protection, different products. This decision is based on whether or not the system is grounded and the method of system grounding. Also called a surge protection device spd or transient voltage surge suppressor tvss, this class of device is used to protect equipment in power transmission and distribution systems. Continued from article complete overview of lightning arresters part 2. Mar 30, 2011 the lightning arresters or surge diverters provide protection against such surges. Siemens offers you two different types of arresters with sr housing. Over the last 30 years, more americans have been killed by lightning per. It consists of a spark gap in series with a nonlinear resistor. There are several types of lightning arresters in general use.
However, the most visually dramatic examples of cloudtoair lightning occur when a long. The basis of conventional lightning protection technology. Contents definition of surge arresters 02 siemens surge arresters for any requirement 04 always the best solution 05 history timeline 06 movs. Lightning strikes the ground, the air, or inside clouds.
Notes on different types of lightning protection systems lps. Hi friends, in this article, i am going to discuss about lightning arrester types and lightning arrester working principle. The lightning arresters or surge diverter provide protection against such surges. Siemens surge arresters for any requirement 04 always the best solution 05 history timeline 06 movs. This paper describes the arrester type, lightning terminal and earthing plan of.
It should be mentioned here that lightning surges represent the. Oct 04, 2017 lightning arrester lightning arrester types types of lightning arresters learning engineering october 04, 2017 a lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. Spd surge protective device this is also a surge diverter, but generally for voltages well below volts. Fig shows the various parts of a valve type arrester. The most common surge arresters are nonlinear metal oxide resistors type in aporcelain or silicone rubber housing, and are fitted in parallel with the object protected and connected to the earth grid. All lightning arresters are designed to become more conductive when the applied voltage becomes sufficiently high. Where, i r and v r are the reference current and voltage respectively of the lightning arrester or surge arrester block.
A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from overvoltage transients caused by external lightning or internal switching events. Modern electrical systems tend to be vulnerable to voltage surges of any kind, so arresters have become more necessary. Its easiest to think of an arrestor and this goes for a lightning arrestor as well as a form of protection from external problems, such as those caused by lighting or power grid complications. Difference between surge arrester, lightning arrester and lightning rod. Ingesco ese lightning rod, in compliance with une 21186 and nf c17 102 standards. A lightning arresters or a surge diverter is a protective device which conducts the high voltage surges on the power system to the ground. Technically speaking, all cloudtoground lightning strikes contain cloudtoair components in the many branches that extend away from the main channel and terminate abruptly in midair. Clamp the over voltage down below the bil of the equipment 3. Lightning arrester lightning arrester types types of lightning arresters learning engineering october 04, 2017 a lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The lightning protection system must be solidly and permanently grounded. Types of lightning arresters the lightning arrester protects the electrical equipment from lightning. Design of lightning arresters for electrical power systems.
Pdf application and analysis for surge arrester on lightning. For normal system, the voltage and current increases linearly, i. The typical lightning arrester has a highvoltage terminal and a ground terminal. For general considerations, please see our application guidelines for the use of mo arresters in mediumvoltage networks 1 and the further literature referenced therein. Notes on different types of lightning protection systems lps each systems design requires the following. Pdf comparison of different metal oxide surge arrester.
The problem with lightning is the multitude of differ. Difference between surge arrester, lightning arrester and. Types of lightning protection systems lps electrical knowhow. Types of lightning arresters for outdoor application. Lightning arresters airbreak switches stepdown transformer distribution bus. Fig shows the essential parts of an expulsion type lightning arrester.
Each type of electrical equipment has a standard bil. Hence, the minimum diameters for different energy class are as below. This coordination is obtained by having an arrester that will discharge at a lower voltage level than the voltage required to. Check insulator withstand capability of the housing use paragraph 8. This is because the arresters do an excellent job of sharing the current of the lightning stroke with nearby towers and other phases. Basically, lightning is a gigantic spark resulting from the development of millions of volts between clouds or between a cloud and the earth. Different levels of protection can be obtained by adjusting the spacing between sets of arresters.
A lightning arrester alternative spelling lightning arrestor also called lightning diverter is a device used on electric power systems and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The lightning arrester which consists the single or multigaps connected in series with the current controlling element, such type of arrester is known as the lightning arrester. Polymer arrester outline drawings contd porcelain arrester outline drawings mm for specifications on class 3, 4 and 5 ratings, please refer to the tables on pages 7 to 15. Each type of electrical equipment has a standard bil rating. Types of cloudtoground lightning include staccato, forked, ribbon, and bead lightening. Siemens offers two different types of arresters with sr housing. What are the different types of lightning arrester.
All arresters are designed and tested per requirements in iec 600994 and. The valve type lightning arrester may be station types, line types, arresters for the protection of the rotating machine distribution type or secondary type. Jul 17, 2017 lightning arresters are devices used to stop lightning from damaging electrical power systems. The lightning arresters or surge diverters provide protection against such surges. Arresters can also be installed on all phases to provide even greater protection. There are roughly 5 to 10 times as many cloud flashes as there are cloudtoground flashes.
The lightning rods visible at the tops of protected structures are only the start of networks of conductive paths leading down to. A lightning arrester is essentially a collection of billions of microscopic junctions of metal oxide grains that turn on and off in microseconds to form a current path from the top terminal to the ground terminal of the arrester. The many uses of transmission line arresters nema arresters. Both are designed using the same glass collared movblocks resulting in the same outstanding electrical performance. Plus, many positive lightning strikes occur near the edge of the cloud, sometimes as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. For normal system, the voltage and current increase. A lightning arrester or a surge diverted is a protective device, which conducts the high voltage surges on the power system to the ground.
Lightning arrestors being installed at kingston substation in 1928. They differ only in constructional details but operate on the same principle, providing low resistance path for the surges to the round. It essentially consists of a rod gap aa in series with a second gap enclosed within the fiber tube. The selection of arrester depends on the various factors like voltage, current, reliability, etc. Pdf atpemtp modeling and performance test of different. Both are designed using the same glass collared movblocks resulting in outstanding electrical performance. They produce a whiter, more intense light than standard incandescents and are typically used for decorative, display or accent lighting. It is also proposed that the configuration of the arresters placement to be uniform. A simple guide to selection of lightning and surge protection please note that this is a very simple summary and must be read in conjunction with the relevant code sans 101421.
The deadfront and separable arresters are one of the latest types of arresters to be introduced to the surge protection world. Application guidelines overvoltage protection in railway. The air terminal or strike termination device must be positioned so that it is the highest point on the structure. All or parts of the actual channel may be obscured inside the cloud, and may or may. Atpemtp modeling and performance test of different type lightning arrester on 2kv overhead transmission tower conference paper pdf available december 2017 with 156. A surge arrestor, on the other hand, works to mitigate specific types of surges. Lightning impulse withstand value must be 20 ka 820 ir x. Theoretically, all lightning flashovers could be eliminated by installing arresters on all phases of every structure. The next evolutionary step was to add a resistive element in series with the gap, in order to limit the power follow current after an arrester discharge operation.
Sr has been used as an outdoor insulation material for over. Cloudtoair lightning referring to a discharge or a portion of a discharge jumping from a cloud into clear air. Lightning arresters are coordinated with standard electrical equipment insulation levels so that they will protect the insulation against lightning over voltages. Arresterfacts 025 what are deadfront and separable arresters. These materials have a unique property of becoming conductive when a very high electric pote. Pdf comparison of different metal oxide surge arrester models. Lightning arrester lightning arrester types types of. It happens completely inside the cloud, jumping between different charge regions in the cloud. Ese lightning arresters, early streamer emission lightning. Keywords lightning, lightning arresters, mov, overvoltage, residual voltage.
Lighting also has different appearances and is always accompanied by thunder. To guarantee the safety of consumers, different product. Lightning safety rules the best shelter from lightning is inside a large enclosed. Discharge voltage table in every arrester datasheet, you will find a most important table about the discharge voltage of the arrester in question. There are different types of lightning arresters used in power system, such as rod gap arrester, horn gap arrester, multi. The types of lightning discharges and the methods of initiation of a lightning discharge are a concern. The above ratio for arresters manufactured by different firms varies from 1. Arresters are connected between the electrical device to be protected and a solid earth ground. It is placed very near to the equipment and when the lightning occurs the arrester diverts the high voltage wave of lightning to the ground. Nearly 100 years ago, electrode gaps rod, sphere, or pipe were used to limit overvoltages on equipment sakshaug, 1991. Sr has been used as outdoor insulation material for over.
1403 1171 1103 536 1424 1346 1049 481 579 528 585 682 378 487 966 355 958 252 1442 1494 1482 521 638 372 818 1047 1031 1264 506 1107 194 1224 373 51 682 635 95 344 473